WebType 2 Diabetes – Zero To Finals Home Medicine Endocrinology Type 2 Diabetes Simplified Pathophysiology Repeated exposure to glucose and insulin makes the cells in the body become resistant to the effects of insulin. It therefore requires more and more insulin to produce a response from the cells and get them to take up and use glucose. The main indications for IV fluids are: 1. Resuscitation(e.g., sepsis or hypotension) 2. Replacement(e.g., vomiting and diarrhoea) 3. Maintenance(e.g., nil by mouth due to bowel obstruction) Generally, IV fluids should be avoided if the patient can adequately meet their fluid requirements with oral fluids. See more Fluid within the body is distributed across different “spaces”. Water, electrolytes, glucose, and proteins constantly move between the fluid spaces to find balance and carry out functions. There are two categories of fluid … See more There are two main groups of IV fluids: 1. Crystalloids 2. Colloids Crystalloidsare essentially water with added salts or glucose. The … See more Monitoring fluid balance is common in hospitals and involves recording all the fluid intake and all the fluid output on a fluid balance chart. … See more Having an abnormally low amount of extracellular fluid can be referred to as hypovolaemia or volume depletion. A negative fluid … See more
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WebSeptic shock is diagnosed when sepsis has lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. The arterial blood pressure falls, resulting in organ hypo-perfusion. This leads to a rise in blood lactate as the organs begin anaerobic respiration. Septic shock should be treated aggressively with IV fluids to improve the blood pressure and tissue perfusion. WebFor a diagnosis of DIC to be made, there must be some objective evidence of a precipitating factor. Precipitating factors identified in the history may include: 1. Acute illness or major trauma. Symptoms of infection. … how deep is a standard sink
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WebNov 30, 2024 · Rectal bleeding (or haematochezia) is the passage of fresh blood per rectum. It is generally caused by bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract, but may occur in patients with large upper GI bleeds or from small bowel lesions. The causes of rectal bleeding range from benign to life-threatening disease and can result in significant ... WebA bowel obstruction refers to when the passage of food, fluids and gas, through the intestines becomes blocked. Small bowel obstruction is more common than large bowel obstruction. Obstruction results in a build up of gas and faecal matter proximal to the obstruction (before the obstruction). This causes back-pressure, resulting in vomiting and ... WebAtrial Fibrillation – Zero To Finals Home Medicine Cardiology Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology Normal the sinoatrial node produces organised electrical activity that coordinates the contraction of the atria of the heart. Atrial fibrillation is where the contraction of the atria is uncoordinated, rapid and irregularly. how deep is a standard coat closet